Article
Gary Hanna

The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

Washington Irving is one of the most famous authors in American history. He wrote this ghost story 200 years ago.  Does it scare you today?

By Spencer Kayden (based on the story by Washington Irving) | Art by Gary Hanna
From the October/November 2020 Issue

Learning Objective: As students read this adaptation of a famous American ghost story, they will make inferences about the play’s events, along with the characters’ actions and motivations.

Guided Reading Level: O
DRA Level: 34

Story Navigation

Think and Read: Inference

An inference is something you figure out by putting together clues in a story. In this play, what inference can you make about the Headless Horseman?

Characters

Choose the character you will play.   *Indicates large speaking role

Choose the character you will play.   *Indicates large speaking role

Narrators 1, 2, and 3 (N1, N2, N3)

Storyteller

Ichabod Crane, a teacher

Katrina Van Tassel, a charming young woman

Knickerbocker: the storyteller

*Narrators 1, 2 & 3 (N1, N2 & N3)

*Ichabod Crane: a schoolmaster

*Katrina Van Tassel: the village beauty

Brom Bones, a young man, a jokester

Villagers: Martha, Ida, Van Ripper, Jansen, Hans, Brouwer

All, to be read by a group

*Brom Bones: the village brute

Wolf

New Schoolmaster

Villagers: Martha, Ida, Van Ripper, Jansen, Hans, Brouwer

Scene 1

N1: It’s a dark night, just outside a forest.

N2: A glowing light comes up.

N3: The Storyteller appears.

Storyteller: I was never one for ghost stories. But then I came to a village called Sleepy Hollow.

N1: Leaves begin rustling.

Storyteller: This is a place where everything seems haunted. It was here that I first heard about . . . the Headless Horseman.

Knickerbocker: I was never one for ghost stories—not until I happened upon a village called Sleepy Hollow. It’s a dreamy place—a place of superstitions. It was here I heard about a man named Ichabod Crane.

N1: A lanky fellow enters, absentmindedly whistling. His long nose is buried in a book.

Knickerbocker: Ichabod was very tall, with long arms and hands that dangled a mile out of his sleeves. His head was small, with huge ears and big green eyes.

N2: Two old women shuffle by.

Martha: Good day, Schoolmaster.

Ichabod (startled): Why, good day, ladies.

Ida: You seem quite interested in your book.

Ichabod: Yes, A History of Witchcraft. It’s fascinating.

Martha: We’ve no witches here, only ghosts.

Ida: Did you hear the Wailing Widow last night?

Ichabod: No, but I did hear the wind in the trees.

Martha: That wasn’t the wind. That was the widow’s ghost. She always shrieks when a terrible storm is coming.

N3: The women walk on. Ichabod looks up at the darkening sky and shivers.

Map Illustration by Steve Stankiewicz

Washington Irving may have gotten his idea for “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” when he was just 15 years old. His parents sent him from their home in New York City to a friend’s house in Tarry Town, a small village on the Hudson River. Irving fell in love with the region, including its Dutch American people and their many ghost stories.

Scene 2

N2: The sun shines. A man enters. He is reading a book.

Storyteller: This is Ichabod Crane. He is the new teacher in town.

N3: He is very tall and thin. And he always seems distracted.

N1: Martha and Ida enter.

Martha: Good day, teacher!

Ichabod (startled): Good day, ladies.

Ida: Are you enjoying Sleepy Hollow?

Ichabod: Oh yes. But the wind was very loud last night.

Martha: That wasn’t the wind. That was the screaming ghost.

Ichabod: A ghost? Are you serious?

Martha: Quite.

Ida: He cries when a big storm is coming.

N2: Ichabod looks up at the sky and shivers.

N1: At the Van Tassels’ mansion, Ichabod has just given a singing lesson to Katrina.

Katrina: Would you like to stay for tea?

Ichabod: I would be delighted.

N2: While Katrina pours tea, Ichabod devours a big slice of honey cake.

Katrina: So . . . are you enjoying Sleepy Hollow?

Ichabod (with his mouth full): Yes, quite.

Katrina: And where are you staying this week?

Ichabod: With the Van Rippers.

Katrina: You don’t mind going from place to place, carrying all your belongings?

Ichabod (blushing): Alas, that is the life of a schoolmaster. My wages are so low that I must rely on the kindness of my students’ parents to house and feed me.

N3: Ichabod is interrupted by the thundering of hooves. Katrina leaps up.

Katrina: That must be Brom Bones, come to take me riding. His black horse, Daredevil, is the finest in the valley!

N1: Ichabod looks at Katrina adoringly as she dashes off.

Scene 3

Storyteller: Ichabod arrives at the home of Katrina Van Tassel. Ichabod gives Katrina singing lessons every week.

N3: A young woman answers the door.

Storyteller: This is Katrina. She is a talented young woman with a beautiful voice. Many people in town admire Katrina, including Ichabod.

Katrina: Mr. Crane! Isn’t my lesson tomorrow?

Ichabod: It is. I came by to give you a present.

N1: Ichabod holds out two shiny red apples.

Katrina: Why, thank you.

N2: Ichabod smiles shyly.

N3: The sound of horse hooves fills the air.

Katrina: That must be Brom Bones. He’s come to take me riding.

N1: A large man rides up on a big black horse.

Brom: Hello, Katrina. (pointing at Ichabod) It looks like your scarecrow escaped from the cornfield.

Katrina: Stop it, Brom. That’s Mr. Crane, the new teacher.

Brom: Sorry, Crane. Your clothes are so loose and your neck is so skinny.   

N2: Brom chuckles unkindly.

N3: Katrina climbs onto Brom’s horse and waves goodbye to Ichabod.

Katrina: Don’t forget about my party, Mr. Crane!

N1: Brom frowns at Ichabod. Then he and Katrina ride off.

N2: Ichabod eats dinner with his host, Mr. Van Ripper.

Ichabod: Katrina and her father are having a party tonight. Should I attend?

Van Ripper: Of course. Why wouldn’t you?

Ichabod: Well, Brom Bones will be there. He said if he caught me near Katrina, he’d flatten me like a pancake.

Van Ripper (laughing): Brom may be rough, but he’s just a joker. Still, once he began courting Katrina, no other fellow dared come near.

Ichabod: Well, I’m merely giving Katrina singing lessons. But I can’t help noticing her many charms.

Van Ripper: And that her family has quite a fortune.

Ichabod: I suppose Brom should have some competition, don’t you think?

Van Ripper: Sure. You’re a worthy lad. Take my old horse, Gunpowder, and go to the party.

Scene 4

Storyteller: Ichabod is getting ready for the party. He can’t stop thinking about Katrina and her lovely voice.

N2: Ichabod’s friend Mr. Van Ripper enters.

Van Ripper: Almost ready for the party?

Ichabod: I think so. I’m nervous though. I can tell Brom likes Katrina. And I think he knows.

Van Ripper: Knows what?

Ichabod (blushing): Well . . . I’m in love with Katrina too.

Van Ripper: Be careful. I wouldn’t mess with Brom if I were you.

N3: Ichabod arrives at the party.

N1: Wide-eyed, he stares at the table laden with ginger cakes and pumpkin pies.

N2: Ichabod sinks his teeth into an apple pastry. Sugar falls down the front of his suit.

N3: Just then, a broad-shouldered man struts into the room.

N1: He and Ichabod lock eyes.

Ichabod (coldly): Good evening, Brom Bones.

Brom (coldly): Ichabod.

Martha: That Brom Bones looks ready for a fight.

Ida: Come, now. Brom is more mischievous than mean.

N2: Brom walks up to Katrina.

Brom: What is that overgrown grasshopper doing here?

Katrina: The schoolmaster? He’s an honored guest.

Brom: Ha! Honored guest? He’s got dinner plates where his ears should be and shovels for feet.

Katrina: Oh Brom, you’re just jealous.

Scene 5

Storyteller: The Van Tassels’ home is overflowing with food.

N3: Ichabod stares at a table full of sweets.

N1: Brom approaches.

Brom (coldly): Ichabod.

Ichabod (coldly): Brom.

N2: Lively music fills the room. Ichabod finds Katrina.

Ichabod: Will you dance with me?

Katrina: Of course!

N3: As they dance, Katrina laughs with delight.

N1: Ichabod’s long limbs fly around the room.

Brom (muttering to himself): Ichabod looks like an octopus in a tornado.

Storyteller: Brom Bones watches them dance, feeling more and more jealous.

N3: The guests dance merrily to the lively sounds of a fiddle.

Ichabod: Dear Katrina, may I have this dance?

N1: Katrina glances slyly at Brom.

Katrina: Why certainly, Mr. Crane.

N2: As Ichabod dances, his long limbs fly around the room like an octopus in a tornado.

N3: Katrina laughs with delight. As she spins, she sees Brom Bones brooding in the corner.

Scene 6

Storyteller: Later that night, the talk turns to the supernatural.

Martha: Have you been up near the hill?

Ida: You can hear the ghosts screaming.

Ichabod: There are so many ghosts in Sleepy Hollow.

Jansen: But none compares to the Headless Horseman.

Ichabod: A man with no head, riding on a horse?

Hans: They say he was a soldier who lost his head in the war.

Ida: Every night, his body rides around looking for its head.

Brouwer: I once saw him on the road. He chased me and pulled me up onto his horse.

Ichabod: My goodness!

Brouwer: We reached the old church bridge. That’s when the Horseman turned into a skeleton.

Ichabod: Oh my!

Brouwer: Then he threw me into the creek.

N2: Brom strides over.

Brom: I too have seen the Headless Horseman.

Jansen: What happened?

Brom: I raced him. And I would have won, but just as we came to the old church bridge, he vanished.

Martha: They say the Horseman can’t go past that bridge.

Brom (looking at Ichabod): So if you see the Horseman, ride for the bridge. If you can reach the bridge, you will be safe.

N1: Later that night, Ichabod joins a group of guests by the fire.

Martha: In these parts, Mr. Crane, you must take care to be a decent person. Those who don’t are carried away by ghouls in the night.

Jansen: Oh yes, many ghosts haunt Sleepy Hollow. There’s the old Dutchman who walks the docks—

Hans: —and the woman in white. You can hear her crying on cold nights.

Jansen: But no ghost compares to the Headless Horseman.

Ichabod (trembling): W-w-who?

Jansen: The Headless Horseman. He is said to be the ghost of a soldier whose head was blown clean off by a cannonball during the Revolutionary War.

Martha: His body is buried in the churchyard. Every night he rides in search of his head.

Ida: He cannot rest until he finds it, so take care not to be on the roadway at the witching hour!

Brouwer: I once met him on the road. I called to him: “Show me your face, good man.”

N2: The room is silent. All are listening.

Brouwer: When he turned, there was nothing there—only the stump of a neck.

Ichabod: Heavens!

Brouwer: He pulled me up onto his horse.

N3: Brouwer takes a bite out of his apple and chews it slowly.

Ichabod (gulping): What happened next?

Brouwer: We galloped over hill and swamp. We reached the old church bridge. That’s when the Horseman . . .

Ichabod: What? When the Horseman what?!

Brouwer: He turned into a skeleton, threw me into the brook, and with a clap of thunder, sprang over the treetops!

Ichabod: Oh my!

Brouwer: I will never forget it.

N1: Brom rises, and all eyes turn to him.

Brom: I too have seen the Headless Horseman. I was coming home one night when he rode by.

Jansen: What did you do?

Brom: I wasn’t afraid. I offered to race him for a glass of cider.

Ida: Well, did you win?

Brom: I would have won. But just as we came to the old church bridge, the Horseman vanished in a flash of fire.

Martha: Ah yes! It is said that the Horseman cannot pass the old church bridge.

Brom (looking at Ichabod): So if the Horseman comes after you, head for the bridge. If only you can reach the bridge, you will be safe.

Scene 7

Storyteller: Ichabod leaves the party after midnight. Ghost stories fill his head.

N3: He trots along the road on his horse.

Storyteller: The night grows darker.

N1: Suddenly, something appears in the shadows.

Ichabod: Who’s there?

N2: He sees a large figure sitting on a big black horse.

Ichabod: I s-s-s-say, who are you?

N3: There is no response.

N1: Ichabod kicks his horse and they take off into the night.

N2: He looks back. He is terrified by what he sees chasing him.

All: The Headless Horseman!

N3: A fiery jack-o’-lantern hangs at the rider’s side.

Ichabod: That’s . . . his head!

N1: Ichabod’s horse races toward the bridge. They are nearly there.

Ichabod: Faster, faster! Brom said if we can make it to the bridge, we’ll be safe.

N2: As they race over the bridge, Ichabod turns around. He expects the Headless Horseman to disappear.

N3: Instead, he sees the Horseman raise an arm and throw its fiery head . . . at him!

Ichabod: Aaaaahhhhh

N2: On his way home that night, Ichabod, pale as a tombstone, trots along on Gunpowder. The shadows are long in the moonlight.

Wolf: Ah-rooooooo!

N3: Ichabod flinches.

Ida (offstage): Take care not to be on the roadway at the witching hour!

Ichabod: Keep it together, Ichabod.

N1: Suddenly, there is a rustling in the bushes.

N2: Something huge appears in the shadows.

Martha (offstage): Every night he rides in search of his head.

N3: Ichabod’s hands tremble as he clutches the reins.

Ichabod: Who’s there?

N1: The figure is atop a powerful black horse.

Ichabod: I say, s-s-s-sir, who are you?

N2: The figure does not respond. Ichabod kicks Gunpowder, and the horse takes off.

N3: When Ichabod looks back over his shoulder, he is horror-struck by what he sees chasing him.

Whole Class: The Headless Horseman!

N1: The head that should be resting on his shoulders hangs from the saddle in the form of a fiery jack-o’-lantern!

Ichabod: Fly, Gunpowder, fly!

N2: Away they dash, sparks flashing under Gunpowder’s hooves.

Brom (offstage): If only you can reach the bridge, you will be safe.

Ichabod: The church bridge!

N3: Ichabod cracks his whip wildly in the air.

Ichabod: Hyaw, hyaw! Come on, Gunpowder!

N1: Gunpowder’s hooves pound as they cross the bridge. Ichabod looks back again, expecting the Headless Horseman to vanish. Instead, he sees the ghoul raise an arm and hurl its head . . . at him!

Ichabod: Ahhhhhhhhhh!

N2: All goes dark.

Scene 8

Storyteller: Months later, villagers still talk about Ichabod Crane.

Van Ripper (sadly): The next morning, Ichabod’s horse came home. But Ichabod did not.

Martha: And his body was never found.

Jansen: His hat was found near the old church bridge. A smashed pumpkin lay next to it.

N1: Brom Bones chuckles.

Ida: Poor Ichabod. I think he died of fright.

Hans: I heard he just got scared and ran out of town.

Brouwer: What do you think, Brom?

Brom (smiling): I think the Headless Horseman took care of him.

Storyteller: Me? I don’t know what to believe. But soon after Ichabod disappeared, Brom and Katrina got married.

N2: Brom winks at the audience.

Storyteller: If Brom Bones knows more about what really happened, he sure isn’t telling. 

N3: Several months later, guests gather for the wedding of Brom Bones and Katrina Van Tassel.

N1: The villagers sit by the fire telling tales to the new schoolmaster.

Brouwer: The next morning, Gunpowder wandered home, but Ichabod did not return.

New Schoolmaster: What happened to him?

Jansen: Nobody knows. A search led to the bridge. Ichabod’s hat was found next to the brook, and close beside it, a shattered pumpkin.

N2: Brom Bones chuckles to himself.

Ida: Mr. Crane was never found.

Hans: It is said that on quiet evenings, you can hear the ghost of Ichabod Crane whistling near the schoolhouse.

N3: Knickerbocker walks onstage.

Knickerbocker: Others heard that Ichabod was alive and well—just scared out of town by the ghost. They suspected that perhaps Brom Bones knew more of this matter than he chose to tell. 

If You Lived in Sleepy Hollow 

It’s 1790. You’re 10 years old. And sorry, you kind of smell.

By Adee Braun

It’s 1790. You’re 10 years old. And sorry, you kind of smell.

By Adee Braun

STEVE MACKAY PHOTOGRAPHY/GETTY IMAGES

It’s dark outside when you wake up. Your two little brothers are still sleeping on the straw mattress you share.

You shake them awake. Then you slowly get dressed. Your clothes smell bad. They look even worse. You wear rough brown pants and a dirty shirt. You put on the wool vest your sister made for you. You also put on a coat to keep out the autumn cold. Your leather boots are covered in mud.

Normally you would be heading to school now. But it’s harvest time. Your whole family must help pick wheat from the fields.

You miss going to your one-room schoolhouse. You like learning about the American Revolution. Many of the battles were fought in the Hudson River Valley, where you live.

Sometimes your teacher comes over for dinner. She tells exciting stories about General George Washington. You remember the loud cannons and ringing bells when Washington was elected president last year. He is the first president of the United States of America!

It’s dark outside when you wake up. Your two little brothers are still sleeping on the narrow straw mattress you share.

You shake them awake, then groggily get dressed. Your clothes smell as bad as they look: rough brown pants, a grimy shirt, a simple wool vest that your sister made, and a coat to keep out the autumn chill. Your leather boots are caked in mud and cow dung.

Normally you would be heading to school, but it’s harvest time, and your whole family must pitch in to gather wheat from the fields.   

You miss going to your one-room schoolhouse. You like learning about the American Revolution and all the battles that were fought in the Hudson River Valley, where you live.

Sometimes your teacher comes over for dinner and entertains you with thrilling stories about General George Washington. You remember the blasting cannons and ringing bells when Washington was elected president last year—the first president of the brand-new United States of America!

Working the Land

Your mother calls you to come eat breakfast. After you eat, you grab your tools and head to the fields. Working in the fields is hard. You become tired and sweaty quickly.

At noon, its time for a break. You eat a meal of bread, cabbage, and porridge with grated cheese. Your mother uses the milk from your cows to make cheese. (She sells the best cheeses at the market.)

When you were little, you and your friends would play in the woods. You pretended to be American soldiers in the Revolutionary War. Now that you’re older, you go to the woods to fish and hunt. But there’s no time for hunting or fishing today.

Your mother calls you in Dutch to come eat breakfast. (Your family came here from the Netherlands 130 years ago when New York was still a Dutch colony, and your family speaks English and Dutch.) After you eat, you grab your sickle and head to the fields. Reaping is hard work, and by noon, you’re tired and sweaty.

Thankfully, it’s time for a well-earned meal of bread, turnips, cabbage, and porridge with grated cheese that your mother makes from the milk of your cows. (She keeps the best cheeses to sell at market.)

When you were little, you and your friends would play in the woods, pretending to be soldiers of the Continental Army. Now that you’re older, your time in the woods is spent fishing and hunting with your dad. But there’s no time for hunting or fishing today.

Ghost Stories

At the end of the day, your family eats a simple meal together. After, you and your brothers sit by the fire, telling ghost stories. Your mother sings an old folk song.

As a bright moon rises, you head to bed. You drift off to sleep. You can hear the sound of the wheat moving in the wind. 

At the day’s end, your family gathers for a simple meal. After supper, you and your brothers sit by the fire, telling ghost stories. If she isn’t too tired, your mother will sing an old Dutch folk song.

As a bright moon rises, you drag your weary body to bed. You drift off to sleep to the sound of the wheat fields rustling in the wind.

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Can't Miss Teaching Extras
Visit Sleepy Hollow

Take a trip to Sleepy Hollow, NY and discover the story behind Irving’s legend in this video from National Geographic!

 

Learn About Washington Irving

Your students will learn about the life of Washington Irving and how his upbringing inspired his stories with this article from Britannica Kids.

 

Listen to a Song About Ichabod Crane

Your students will enjoy this fun song about Ichabod Crane from Disney’s The Adventures of Mr. Toad and Ichabod.

More About the Article

Content-Area Connections

Social Studies: American history

Key Skills

inference, text features, vocabulary, fluency, main idea, character, character’s motivation, figurative language, supporting detail, plot,  mood, narrative writing

Step-by-Step Lesson Plan

1. PREPARING TO READ

Set a Purpose for Reading/Build Knowledge/Explore Text Features (10 minutes)

  • Look at pages 22-23 with the class. Point out the labels “Play” and “Read-aloud play.” Then read the title and subtitle with students. Ask them to describe the illustration. What does the Headless Horseman hold in his hand? What do you think the ghost might do in this play? How does the illustration make you feel?

  • Share that Washington Irving also wrote history books, short newspaper articles, and biographies of famous people—including our first president, George Washington. One of Irving’s most famous stories is “Rip Van Winkle,” which may be familiar to some students [source:  https://www.britannica.com/biography/Washington-Irving ]

  • Point to the map on page 24. Read aloud the map title and caption below the map. Ask students to locate Tarry Town and Sleepy Hollow, where the events in this play take place. Have them describe the image next to these locations. How does this picture connect to the play they are about to read? 

  • Explain that the illustrations on this map provide information about life in America in the 1790s.  For example, sailing ships enabled Americans to trade goods with other countries. Ask students to point to the sailing ships on the map. What body of water does one of these ships cross to reach the United States? Next, have students locate the image next to Washington, D.C.  According to the map, what is happening in Washington, D.C. during the 1790s? (To learn more about what life was like during the time Washington Irving wrote his story, have students read our bonus informational text, “If You Lived in Sleepy Hollow.”)

  • Point to the illustrations on pages 25-27. Ask students to describe each one. What mood or feeling does each illustration create?

  • Call on volunteers to read aloud the Think and Read box and the Think and Write box. Ask students to look for clues about the identity of the Headless Horseman and what happened to Ichabod as they read.

Introduce Vocabulary (15 minutes)

  • While the play does not include definitions of vocabulary words with the text, a Vocabulary Skill Builder (available in your Resources tab) previews six challenging terms. You may also play our Vocabulary Slideshow where images help students with comprehension.
  • Vocabulary terms: distracted, chuckles, overflowing, limbs, jealous, the supernatural

2. FOCUS ON FLUENCY

Bridging Decoding and Comprehension

  • Storyworks 3 plays provide a perfect opportunity for students to build fluency.
  • Remind students that the stage directions tell a reader or actor how to say a line or perform an action in the play. Direct students to page 25. Point to the words muttering to himself in column 2. Read the dialogue aloud with appropriate expression or actions. You might speak into your hand or turn your face to one side. Ask students to repeat after you.

3. CLOSE READING

  • Before reading:  Point out the Characters box. Remind students that this is a list of all the characters in the play. How many narrators are there? Who is Ichabod Crane? Katrina Van Tassel? Brom Bones? Explain that a jokester is a person who likes to play practical jokes on people.
  • First Read: Assign parts and read the play as a class. (If you’re meeting in a virtual classroom, have students write the name of the character they’re portraying on a piece of paper to tape or pin to their shirts—or help them change their display name to their character name. This will make it easier for everyone to follow along.)

  • Second Read: Project, distribute, or assign the Close-Reading Questions (available in your Resources tab). Discuss them as a class, rereading lines or scenes as necessary.

  • Pair each student with a partner to discuss the Critical-Thinking Questions. Then ask pairs to share their answers with the class.

  • Alternatively, assign all or part of the Learning Journey Slideshow (available in your Resources tab), which contains the questions—along with other activities from this lesson plan and a link to the play. 

Close-Reading Questions (30 minutes)

  1. Read Scene 1. How does the Storyteller feel about ghost stories after coming to Sleepy Hollow? (main idea) He becomes interested in ghost stories because Sleepy Hollow is a place where everything seems haunted. He first heard about the Headless Horseman after coming to the town.
  2. Read Scene 2. Why does Ichabod shiver at the end of the scene? What can you tell about him from this scene? (inference/character) He shivers because he is frightened by Martha’s story about the screaming ghost. You can guess that he believes in ghosts and is easily scared.
  3. Read Scene 3. How do Ichabod and Katrina feel about each other? (inference/character) Ichabod likes Katrina. When he arrives at her house to give her a present, he smiles shyly. Katrina seems to like Ichabod, too. When Brom makes fun of Ichabod’s appearance by comparing him to a scarecrow, Katrina tells Brom to stop. Also, she reminds Ichabod about her party. 
  4. Read Scene 4.  Why does Van Ripper say to Ichabod, “Be careful. I wouldn’t mess with Brom if I were you.” (character’s motivation) He’s warning Ichabod that Brom might bother Ichabod or do something unpleasant to him because they’re both in love with Katrina.
  5. Read Scene 5. Brom mutters to himself that “Ichabod looks like an octopus in a tornado.” Why does Brom describe Ichabod in this way? (inference/figurative language) When Ichabod dances, his long legs fly around the room and make him look like an octopus turning wildly on its many legs. Brom describes Ichabod in this way because he’s jealous of how much Katrina enjoys dancing with the schoolteacher. 
  6. Read Scene 6. What do you learn about the legend of the Headless Horseman? (supporting detail) People say he was a soldier who lost his head in the war. Every night his body rides around looking for it. One villager claims that the Horseman turned into a skeleton and threw him into the creek.
  7. Read Scene 7.  What happens to Ichabod in this part of the play? (plot) He sees the Headless Horseman, who chases him to the bridge. Instead of disappearing, the Horseman throws his fiery head at Ichabod, who screams.
  8. Read Scene 8. Why does Brom Bones chuckle after Jansen says that Ichabod’s hat was found near the old church bridge and a smashed pumpkin lay next to it? (inference) This is a hint that Brom Bones might be the Headless Horseman. He knows about Ichabod’s hat and the smashed pumpkin because he probably chased him across the bridge. He knows that Ichabod was terrified because he believed the pumpkin was really the head of the Headless Horseman..

Critical-Thinking Question (10 minutes)

  1. Based on clues in the play, who do you think the Headless Horseman really is? (inference)  Brom Bones is the Headless Horseman. In Scene 3, he rides a big black horse like the one the Headless Horseman rides in Scene 7. In Scene 6, he warns Ichabod to head for the bridge if he sees the ghost because he will be safe there. This is a hint that Brom is involved in the chase at the end of Scene 7. Similarly, in Scene 8, he chuckles and says that he thinks the Headless Horseman took care of Ichabod. Also, Brom is jealous of Katrina’s feelings for Ichabod. In Scene 3, he compares Ichabod’s appearance to a scarecrow to make him look ridiculous to her. When the Storyteller says that Brom and Katrina married soon after Ichabod disappeared, Brom winks at the audience. Some students might provide a different answer, such as the ghost of a soldier. Accept any answer that is well supported by text evidence.
  2. Do you think this play was scary? Why or why not? (mood) Answers may vary. Some students will say yes, because the characters tell ghost stories and describe the Headless Horseman. Also, the drawing  of the Headless Horseman on page 22 makes the ghost seem spooky and scary. In Scene 7 there is a frightening description of Ichabod trying to escape from the Headless Horseman across the bridge. Other students will say no. Details in the play make it clear that Brom Bones is the Headless Horseman. He frightened Ichabod because he was jealous about Katrina and the feelings she may have had for Ichabod.

4. SKILL AND KNOWLEDGE BUILDING

Featured Skill: Inference

  • Distribute the Inference Skill Builder (available in your Resources tab) and have students complete it in class or for homework.
  • Ask students to write a response to the prompt in the Think and Write box at the end of the play. Remind them to write an exciting headline for their newspaper article.

GREAT IDEAS FOR REMOTE LEARNING

  • Our new Learning Journey Slideshow (available in your Resources tab) is designed to make your life easier. Have students move through at their own pace or assign smaller chunks for different days. You can also customize the slideshow to your liking.

  • Gather a small group in your remote classroom for a virtual play reading. Share the play on your screen and assign parts. (Students might read more than one part, depending on the size of the group.) Then read the play aloud together. Encourage students to be expressive as they read! Repeat with other groups until all students have had a chance to participate.

  • Our new Choice Board (available in your Resources tab) is perfect for remote learning. It offers nine varied activities for students to choose from. Students can do one activity or as many as they like, working at their own pace. Because most students are getting a huge amount of screen time now, most of the activities on the Choice Board can be done away from a computer.

Differentiate and Customize
For Struggling Readers

Read the play aloud as students follow along. Work together with students to find clues in the play that suggest that Brom Bones is the Headless Horseman. Provide explicit explanations where necessary. Remote-learning tip: When students read the article online in Presentation View, they can use the highlighter tool to mark the text.

For ELL Students

Read the play as students follow along. Ask them to pay special attention to the punctuation marks at the end of each line and the stage directions in parentheses. Choose a scene for the students to read together as a group in unison. Discuss any challenging words or stage directions first. You can read the roles of the Storyteller and the Narrators. Ask students to read the roles of the other characters.

For Advanced Readers

Instruct students to read the higher-level Storyworks version of the play, as well as the informational text, “If You Lived in Sleepy Hollow.” Both of these can be found in the Resources tab for the on-level version of the play.  Students should then complete the higher-level quiz and higher-level Vocabulary Skill Builder. After completing both activities, students can work in pairs to go over their answers together. 

For School or at Home
  • Ask students to create a three-panel comic strip based on a favorite scene from the play. They should make up their own dialogue for each of the characters and write it in dialogue bubbles. Remind them to include a title for their comic strips.

  • Have students read “If You Lived in Sleepy Hollow,” our accompanying informational text, and write a short paragraph answering the question: Would you like to have lived in Sleepy Hollow during the 1790s? Why or why not? Remind students to include details from the text in their writing.

Text-to-Speech